Fractional thermolysis (fraxel) is a method of laser "resurfacing" of the face and body, which helps to cope with age-related and stressful skin problems.
This procedure is almost as effective as surgical braces, and, after thermolysis, skin cells begin to actively, as in youth, produce collagen and elastin, that is, beneficial changes occur in several layers at once, and not just in the outer epidermis.
The procedure is very effective, but at the same time traumatic. It can only be carried out in specialized clinics.
What is it - fractional photothermolysis, what is the essence of the method and effectiveness, indications and contraindications for procedures on the face and body using fraxel technology, before and after photos, consequences and reviews about the laser procedure, estimated prices and what devices are used - all this wewe will try to tell you more.
general information
Thermolysis should be understood as the process of structural destruction of tissue under the influence of high temperatures. The concept was created and mediated by physicians, and then introduced into use by cosmetologists.
And photothermolysis is also the process of thermolysis, but it is caused by exposure to light energy. In cosmetology, it is used during photoepilation and laser "resurfacing" of scars and scars.
Fractional photothermolysis is a technique in which photothermolysis does not affect the entire surface of the skin, but only its individual areas. This means that we can talk about focal destruction of tissues by heating them with the help of laser (light) energy.
The essence of the procedure and other names
The fractional photothermolysis procedure is classified as a way of negative stimulation of the skin, since a certain type of injury is applied during the session, in this case burns.
To achieve the expected cosmetic result, you need to start the regeneration process, which restores the skin after damage.
A thermal burn of this type looks like a "column", which is formed in the thickness of the dermis under the targeted action of laser beams. This "column" in cosmetology is called "microscopic treatment zone", or abbreviated - MLZ.
In diameter, they cannot reach more than a tenth of a millimeter: from about 0. 1 to 0. 4 mm, with a penetration depth of up to 0. 5 mm. Depending on the type of the chosen procedure, from ten to several thousand such microtraumas can be located on one square centimeter of the surface, while the impact rate is 3000 MLZ/sec.
If we analyze the mechanism of action of fractional photothermolysis, then it is similar to mesoscooter therapy, but when using a roller, microdamages are applied mechanically using needles.
In cosmetology practice, the concept of fractional thermolysis has several commonly used synonyms:
- dermal optical thermolysis;
- DOT therapy;
- fractional laser "polishing";
- LAFT rejuvenation;
- fractional laser nanoperforation;
Ablative and non-ablative method
Laser ablation is the evaporation of a substance using a laser pulse. When using ablative fractional photothermolysis, then choose a type of laser radiation, the energy of which is mostly absorbed by water molecules.
During a short-term impact on a localized area, the laser beam almost immediately heats up the water contained in the tissues, up to 300C. Due to this, the entire "column" evaporates, and in its place a microscopic wound of an open type is formed, which is surrounded by layers of thermally coagulated cells.
After ablative photothermolysis, recovery will be much slower and longer than with a non-ablative method.
But the results of the procedure will be objectively better, and the lifting effect will be clearer. It is best to use a course of 2 to 6 sessions. But during such procedures, the patient is exposed to a certain risk of infection of tissues in the deep dermal layers.
Non-ablative fractional thermolysis can be attributed to more gentle microtrauma techniques. A laser beam is used, which practically does not damage the epidermis, burns form under it.
Destroyed tissues do not evaporate, but remain within the "column", naturally, there are no open wounds. Lifting is not as obvious as with the first ablative method, since the products of cellular decay were not removed at the time of the procedure, which means that there is no effect of "tightening" of the skin.
It is recommended to use courses from 3 to 10 sessions. For the patient, there is practically no risk of infection of the deep dermal layer, since there is no violation of the integrity of the surface.
Indications, effect
Indications for the appointment of a procedure using Fraxel technology may be the following reasons:
- the need to stimulate wilted and aged skin;
- treatment of pigmented/depigmented lesions;
- getting rid of scars, post-acne and small scars;
- the need to remove stretch marks.
Not suitable for getting rid of keloid formations.
Advantages
How does this method differ from the classic "polishing" with a laser? With the traditional approach, the burn affects a large area, and with fractional exposure, it has the character of a localized and point.
Between the burn lesions there are spaces with intact skin, and this makes photothermolysis less traumatic and accelerates the healing time.
The method is suitable for treating any part of the body, but in most cases it is used specifically for the face. When using Fraxel technology, the beautician can work even with the skin on the eyelids.
A feature of this optical thermolysis of the dermis is the innovative design of the DOT device itself, which makes it possible to avoid missing skin areas or overlapping one zone on another.
Mechanism of action
At the preliminary consultation, the cosmetologist determines the goals that the client wants to achieve, finds out possible contraindications to the procedure, talks about the possible results and their compliance with the client's expectations.
The doctor will certainly stipulate a point about the risks and development of post-procedural complications, as well as how to care for the skin after undergoing a course of photothermolysis.
It is necessary to discuss in advance and choose the appropriate method of pain relief, and the client must certainly report allergic reactions to medications, if any.
A few hours before the session, superficial peeling is carried out, the purpose of which is to even out the thickness of the stratum corneum of the skin.
During operation, the patient may experience moderate pain and discomfort. Their severity in no way can depend on the model of the apparatus used. The level of pain is based on the depth and intensity of the laser beam, and these parameters are determined by the specialist himself, focusing on therapeutic goals.
The more neglected the problem, the deeper layers need to be affected.
But usually, ordinary creams with an anesthetic effect are used as an anesthetic, which are applied to the working areas a maximum of 40 minutes before the start of the session.
During the session, the cosmetologist moves a nozzle over the surface, which emits a targeted laser beam. If such a need arises, then the same area is treated repeatedly within the same procedure.
The duration is from 15 minutes to 1 hour. It all depends on how much leather is being treated. Upon completion of fractional photothermolysis, a cream with a calming effect is applied to the "polished" surface.
To achieve the desired result, it is necessary to conduct a course of several procedures - from 3 to 10, depending on what type of exposure was chosen. You can have a session once a month.
Recommendations (training and rehabilitation)
A few days before the scheduled procedure, the patient should start taking a prophylactic course of antibiotics and antiviral agents. Naturally, if there is objective evidence for this.
On the day that fractional photothermolysis takes place, the person should avoid alcohol and completely refrain from doing any sports.
After the procedure of non-ablative photothermolysis, the recovery process lasts up to three days, after the ablation type - at least a week.
If the "polishing" was based on ablation, then for several more days the patient will have reddened skin, swelling, burning sensation and discomfort.
After consultation with a specialist, you can apply cooling compresses or apply local analgesics to the skin, available in the form of a spray.
After at least three days have passed, the color of the "polished" dermis may change slightly. For example, it may become pseudo-tanned, due to increased decomposition of pigment-containing residues from previously necrotic cells.
Dryness will appear, peeling will begin and a person may even experience some itching for a short time. All these manifestations are not dangerous and will pass by themselves in about a week. It is strictly forbidden to scratch itchy skin!
In order for rehabilitation after fraxel to go without complications, you need to follow a few basic recommendations:
- you need to take care of the skin and be sure to apply the recommended external products. In most cases, these are drugs that are prescribed for the treatment of thermal burns and moisturizing sprays;
- the crust that forms on the surface as wounds heal should not be removed artificially, only natural falling off;
- if before the procedure the patient took antimicrobial and antiviral drugs, then their course should be continued according to the instructions;
- to prevent hyperpigmentation, it is necessary to isolate the treated skin from direct sunlight for a period of at least a month. Usually use sunscreens with SPF 40+;
- throughout the recovery period, it is forbidden to use scrubs and other mechanical methods of skin cleansing.
Possible side effects and complications
Despite the fact that fractional photothermolysis is one of the most modern and safe methods, it also has a number of side effects:
- bacterial infection, development of streptoderma or staphyloderma;
- erythema lasting more than three days;
- edema on the surface of the treated skin with a duration of more than two days;
- hyperpigmentation in the post-inflammatory period;
- the appearance of burn blisters, erosive cracks;
- exacerbation of HSV1 or acne;
- microscopic hemorrhages under the skin.
Contraindications (general and local)
Fractional photothermolysis is not performed with the following general contraindications:
- oncological tumors;
- the period of breastfeeding;
- HSV1 and HSV2 in the acute stage;
- infectious diseases;
- chronic diseases in the stage of manifestation;
- diabetes mellitus of any type;
- defects and insufficiency of the cardiovascular system;
- disturbances in the work of the organs of the hematopoietic system, poor blood clotting;
- the presence of autoimmune diseases;
- tendency to form deep scars of the keloid type;
- status epilepticus or convulsive syndrome;
- psychical deviations;
- taking isotretinoin for six months;
- a recent tan or a visit to the solarium.
And the following local contraindications:
- all inflammatory processes localized in the intended area of work;
- impaired integrity of the skin;
- any neoplasms of unknown origin;
- dry cleaning of the skin or any other procedure that could injure the skin.
Where and on what devices is carried out, approximate prices
The cost of one fraxel procedure depends on the treated area, so the estimated prices for fractional laser resurfacing vary.
Only qualified specialists can conduct photothermolysis sessions in a cosmetology hospital.
For the fraxel rejuvenation procedure itself, devices with CO2 or an erbium laser are used. Ordinary beauty salons for the most part do not have the necessary equipment or trained personnel.
The use of lasers for cosmetic purposes is still controversial. But be that as it may, procedures based on the action of a laser beam are among the most popular, effective and safe.
Reviews
We invite you to read a few reviews about fractional laser facial skin rejuvenation:
- First review: "I am 35 years old. Went for 2 sessions of fractional photothermolysis. The second visit took place 30 days after the first visit. As a result, I noticed that my pores, usually slightly enlarged, tightened up, and the skin on my forehead and cheeks began to look much more even. I was satisfied. The only thing that gave me inconvenience was the peeling that appeared after the second visit. But it disappeared without a trace after three days. Now I look in the mirror and enjoy my own face. "
- Second review: "I want to tell you about my impression of this method, as I felt a positive result. After three procedures, I noticed that my face brightened, the pigment spots on some parts of the face brightened, the scars began to stand out less noticeably, and the skin tightened. These changes did not happen all at once, but gradually. After about 4 months, I began to look 5-6 years younger than my age. I advise everyone who takes care of themselves to try this wonderful thing.
- Third review: "I was very afraid of this kind of procedures, believing that there are more undesirable consequences from them than pluses. However, when the first wrinkles appeared, the idea of "magical skin transformation" began to visit my head more and more often. So I decided to have a photothermolysis session. In the process, there were slightly painful, but tolerable sensations. After some time, joyful changes on the face became visible: wrinkles around the eyes smoothed out, the complexion became lighter, the contour tightened. In general, I liked the effect. I will use this procedure again if necessary.
- Fourth review: "I consider this method indispensable for any woman who wants to remain young and attractive. I discovered something new for myself and was immensely satisfied. There are many positive moments and all of them were reflected on my face: fine wrinkles and pigmentation are gone, the skin is not so flabby, there are fewer inflammations, and most importantly, I like myself a lot more. I want to advise everyone to love themselves, not save on their beauty and use effective procedures to maintain your youth.